Wave 25 of the 2014-2023 British Election Study Internet Panel

May 2023 - May 2023
N = 30,407

Fieldhouse, E., J. Green, G. Evans, J. Mellon, C. Prosser & J. Bailey (2023) British Election Study Internet Panel Waves 1-25. DOI: 10.5255/UKDA-SN-8202-2

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Variables

2005 GE turnout
2005 GE vote choice
2010 GE turnout
2010 GE vote choice
2019 GE turnout
2019 GE vote choice
Activities in last 12 months: DIY
Activities in last 12 months: Eating at gastropubs
Activities in last 12 months: Eating at McDonalds
Activities in last 12 months: Fine dining
Activities in last 12 months: Gardening
Activities in last 12 months: Going for country walks
Activities in last 12 months: Going on Facebook
Activities in last 12 months: Going to art galleries
Activities in last 12 months: Going to bingo
Activities in last 12 months: Going to classical music concerts
Activities in last 12 months: Going to football matches
Activities in last 12 months: Going to gigs
Activities in last 12 months: Going to museums
Activities in last 12 months: Going to rugby union matches
Activities in last 12 months: Going to the bookies
Activities in last 12 months: Going to the gym
Activities in last 12 months: Going to the opera
Activities in last 12 months: Going to the pub
Activities in last 12 months: Going to the theatre
Activities in last 12 months: Going to watch ballet
Activities in last 12 months: Going to watch modern dance
Activities in last 12 months: Horse riding
Activities in last 12 months: None on this page
Activities in last 12 months: None on this page
Activities in last 12 months: Online betting
Activities in last 12 months: Playing darts
Activities in last 12 months: Playing football
Activities in last 12 months: Playing rugby
Activities in last 12 months: Playing tennis
Activities in last 12 months: Playing video games
Activities in last 12 months: Reading about celebrities
Activities in last 12 months: Reading books
Activities in last 12 months: Reading horoscopes
Activities in last 12 months: Sailing
Activities in last 12 months: Skiing
Activities in last 12 months: Visiting heritage sites
Activities in last 12 months: Visiting stately homes
Activities in last 12 months: Watching BBC news
Activities in last 12 months: Watching greyhound racing
Activities in last 12 months: Watching reality TV
Age
Age completed formal education
Age group
An independent candidate
Are you a parent or guardian?
Are you likely to inherit any money or property in the future?
Are your day-to-day activities limited because of a health problem or disability
At which supermarket do you do most of your food shopping?
Attention to Politics
Authoritarian/libertarianism scale
BBC children's TV shows should portray more families with same-sex parents
Best party on most important issue
Borrow from friends or family
Brexit Party contacted by email
Brexit Party contacted by letter/leaflet
Brexit Party contacted by social media
Brexit Party contacted by telephone
Brexit Party contacted in other ways
Brexit Party contacted in street
Brexit Party contacted you in last 4 weeks
Brexit Party visited home
Brexit Party: Allow more or fewer immigrants
Britain should continue to have a monarchy
Britain should re-nationalize the railways
Britain's military budget: Buying new equipment such as tanks, fighter jets and
Britain's military budget: Deploying troops to UN peacekeeping missions
Britain's military budget: Hiring more soldiers
Britain's military budget: Joint exercises with NATO allies
Britain's military budget: Making better use of satellite and electronic monito
Britain's military budget: Military parades
Britain's military budget: Upgrading equipment to match NATO standards
British identity scale
Competence: Starmer
Competence: Sunak
Conservatives contacted you in last 4 weeks
Conservatives look after black/asian
Conservatives look after middle class
Conservatives look after people who didn't go to university or college
Conservatives look after people who went to university or college
Conservatives look after people working in private sector
Conservatives look after people working in public sector
Conservatives look after retired people
Conservatives look after White British people
Conservatives look after working class
Conservatives look after young people
Conservatives united or divided
Conservatives: Allow more or fewer immigrants
Contacted by any political parties/campaigns in last 4 weeks?
Cost of Living getting higher or lower
Country
Country of Birth
Crime levels getting higher or lower
Currently trade union member
Curriculums should include fewer white male and more female/non-white authors
Did you go to the polling station to try vote in the local elections?
Did you work on your own or did you have employees?
Did your parent have employees?
Did your parent supervise the work of any other people?
Did your partner have employees?
Did your partner supervise the work of any other people?
Differences in incomes between rich and poor too high or too low
Dimension of MII
Do you and/or your partner (if applicable) have any savings?
Do you expect to be able to purchase a home in the next 5 to 10 years?
Do you have access to a private or communal garden?
Do you own or rent the home in which you live?
Do you think your economic circumstances will be better, worse, or about the sa
Do you work on your own or do you have employees?
Does your partner have employees?
Does your partner supervise the work of any other people?
Economic growth/Protecting the environment scale
Economy doing better or worse
Education level
Education level (with add. info)
English identity scale
EU ID: Criticism of my side feels like a personal insult
EU ID: Feel connected when meeting supporters of same side
EU ID: interested in what other people think
EU ID: Lot in common with supporters of my side
EU ID: Praise of my side makes me feel good
EU ID: say we instead of they
EU referendum identity
EU referendum turnout (earliest recorded)
EU referendum vote (earliest recorded)
European identity scale
European Integration scale (1990s version): Brexit Party
European Integration scale (1990s version): Conservatives
European Integration scale (1990s version): Greens
European Integration scale (1990s version): Labour
European Integration scale (1990s version): Liberal Democrats
European Integration scale (1990s version): Plaid Cymru
European Integration scale (1990s version): self
European Integration scale (1990s version): SNP
Ever trade union member
Financial situation of your household
Gender
General economic retrospective evaluation: country
General economic situation in this country
General Election turnout 2015 (earliest recorded)
General Election turnout 2017 (earliest recorded)
General Election vote 2015 (earliest recorded)
General Election vote 2017 (earliest recorded)
General election vote intention (recalled vote in post-election waves)
Going to vote is a lot of effort
Gone too far: cuts to local services in my area
Gone too far: cuts to NHS spending
Gone too far: cuts to public spending
Government's environmental budget: Investing in flood defences
Government's environmental budget: Investing in more wind farms
Government's environmental budget: Investing in solar energy farms
Government's environmental budget: Keeping the countryside clean and tidy
Government's environmental budget: Protecting Britain’s historic forests and
Government's environmental budget: Protecting native British species
Government's environmental budget: Slowing down carbon emissions
Green Party contacted by email
Green Party contacted by letter/leaflet
Green Party contacted by SMS
Green Party contacted by telephone
Green Party contacted in other ways
Green Party contacted in street
Green Party Contacted you in last 4 weeks
Green Party visited home
Green: Allow more or fewer immigrants
Gross household income
Gross personal income
Has your partner worked in a paid job in the past?
Have you ever attended a University or other higher education institution?
Have you had a pay rise in the last 12 months?
Have you worked in a paid job in the past?
Holds any valid voter ID
How did you vote?
How fairly do you think the recent local elections in England were conducted?
How many bedrooms does your primary residence have in total?
How many employees did your parent have?
How many employees did your partner have?
How many employees does your partner have?
How many of the people in your household are under 18?
How many people work for your partner's employer?
How many people worked for your parent's employer?
How many people worked for your partner's employer?
How much discrimination for or against: BME
How much discrimination for or against: Gay and lesbian people
How much discrimination for or against: Men
How much discrimination for or against: Transgender people
How much discrimination for or against: White
How much discrimination for or against: Women
How much impact on Britain's economy? Brexit
How much impact on Britain's economy? COVID pandemic
How much impact on Britain's economy? Global economy
How much impact on Britain's economy? Invasion of Ukraine
How much impact on Britain's economy? UK government
How much money could family member give you for a major purchase such as a hous
How well do you think that the job you chose in the previous question describes
How well do you think that the job you chose in the previous question describes
How well government handling air and water pollution
How well government handling costs of living
How well government handling crime
How well government handling economy
How well government handling education
How well government handling immigration
How well government handling NHS
How well has the UK Govt handled the invasion of Ukraine?
How well Labour would handle air and water pollution
How well Labour would handle cost of living
How well Labour would handle crime
How well Labour would handle education
How well labour would handle immigration
How well Labour would handle the economy
How well Labour would handle the NHS
How would you describe the size of your garden?
I am interested in what other people think about this party.
I could not come up with £300 right now
I feel proud to be British
I have a lot in common with other supporters of this party.
If there were another referendum on EU membership, how do you think you would v
Immigration bad or good for economy
Immigration levels getting higher or lower
Immigration types: Allow fewer/more asylum seekers into Britain
Immigration types: Allow fewer/more families of residents into Britain
Immigration types: Allow fewer/more foreign students into Britain
Immigration types: Allow fewer/more workers from EU into Britain
Immigration types: Allow fewer/more workers from non-EU into Britain
In last two weeks, not able to buy: Essential food items that you need on a reg
In last two weeks, not able to buy: Everything I need has been available
In last two weeks, not able to buy: Fuel
In last two weeks, not able to buy: Medicine
In last two weeks, not able to buy: Other
In last two weeks, not able to buy: Other food items
Independent contacted by email
Independent contacted by leaflet/letter
Independent contacted by Social Media
Independent contacted by telephone
Independent contacted by visit to home
Independent contacted in other way
Independent contacted in street
Integrity: Starmer
Integrity: Sunak
Interview Start Time
Is your name on the electoral register?
Is your partner an employee or self-employed?
It doesn't matter which political party is in power
It is often difficult for me to understand what is going on in government and po
It takes too much time and effort to be active in politics and public affairs
Job chose in previous Q describes what you do?
Labour contacted you in last 4 weeks
Labour look after black/asian
Labour look after middle class
Labour look after people who didn't go to university or college
Labour look after people who went to university or college
Labour look after people working in private sector
Labour look after people working in public sector
Labour look after retired people
Labour look after White British people
Labour look after working class
Labour look after young people
Labour united or divided
Labour: Allow more or fewer immigrants
Left-right scale
Left-right value: Big business takes advantage of ordinary poeple Waves 7-9
Left-right value: Government should redistribute incomes Waves 7-9
Left-right value: Management will always try to get the better of employees
Left-right value: Ordinary working people do not get their fair share Waves 7-9
Left-right value: There is one law for the rich and one for the poor Waves 7-9
Left/right position: Brexit Party
Left/right position: Conservative
Left/right position: Greens
Left/right position: Labour
Left/right position: Lib Dems
Left/right position: Plaid Cymru
Left/right position: Self
Left/right position: SNP
Lib Dems contacted you in last 4 weeks
Lib Dems: Allow more or fewer immigrants
Lib-Auth value: Censoring necessary to uphold moral standards Waves 7-9
Lib-Auth value: For some crimes, death penalty most appropriate sentence Waves
Like/dislike Brexit Party
Like/dislike Ed Davey
Like/dislike Keir Starmer
Like/dislike: Adam Price
Like/dislike: Adrian Ramsay
Like/dislike: Boris Johnson (former PM)
Like/dislike: Carla Denyer
Like/dislike: Conservatives
Like/dislike: Green Party
Like/dislike: Humza Yousaf
Like/dislike: Jeremy Corbyn (former leader)
Like/dislike: Labour
Like/dislike: Liberal Democrats
Like/dislike: Liz Truss (former PM)
Like/dislike: Lorna Slater
Like/dislike: Nicola Sturgeon (former FM)
Like/dislike: Patrick Harvie
Like/dislike: Plaid Cymru
Like/dislike: Richard Tice
Like/dislike: Rishi Sunak
Like/dislike: Scottish National Party
Likelihood to vote in general election
Local area: Buildings and public spaces are well-maintained
Local area: Schools provide a high quality education
Local area: There are interesting restaurants, bars, and shops
Local area: There is a high level of crime
Local area: There is a lack of community spirit
Marital status
Mayoral election turnout
Measures to protect the environment
MII (manually-coded/collapsed)
MII manual coding
National security spending
Needed to borrow money for groceries/bills/day-to-day items
Never went to private school
NHS doing better or worse
No dependents in household?
None of these parties contacted you in last 4 weeks
Not worried at all | Very worried
NS-SEC social class analytic categories
Number of people in household
Opinion on necessity of deficit reduction in next 3 years
Other party contacted you in last 4 weeks
Parent's education level
Parent's highest level of education
Parent's ns-sec analytic categories
Parent's ns-sec sub-categories
Partner's ns-sec analytic categories
Partner's ns-sec sub-categories
Party ID if no party to first ID question
Party identification
People should vote for the party they like, even if it will not win
People who break the law should be given stiffer sentences
Personal economic retrospective evaluation: household
Plaid Cymru contacted you in last 4 weeks
Plaid Cymru: Allow more or fewer immigrants
Please pick the approximate value of your home:
Please pick the approximate value of your household savings:
Politicians don't care what people like me think
Pre-school aged children in household?
Private companies running public services
Private sector or public sector better for utilities?
Probability of voting for Brexit Party
Probability of voting for Conservatives
Probability of voting for Green party
Probability of voting for Labour
Probability of voting for Liberal Democrats
Probability of voting for Plaid Cymru
Probability of voting for Scottish National Party
Put it on a credit card and pay it off over time
Redistribution scale: Brexit Party
Redistribution scale: Conservatives
Redistribution scale: Greens
Redistribution scale: Labour
Redistribution scale: Liberal Democrats
Redistribution scale: Plaid Cymru
Redistribution scale: Self
Redistribution scale: SNP
Region
Respondent belonging to any religion?
Respondent has leave to enter or remain in the UK
Respondent is a citizen of Malta or Cyprus
Respondent is an Irish citizen
Respondent's self-selected ethnicity
Respondent's work status
School aged children in household?
Schools doing better or worse
Schools should teach children to obey authority
Scotland Q only: an independent Scotland would be able to rejoin the EU
Scotland Q only: Economic situation under independence
Scotland Q only: I would be better off if Scotland independent
Scotland Q only: Independence referendum vote intention
Scotland Q only: Scottish identity scale
Scottish Constituency Vote 2011
Scottish Constituency Vote 2016
Scottish referendum turnout (earliest recorded)
Scottish referendum vote (earliest recorded)
Scottish Regional Vote 2011
Scottish Regional Vote 2016
Self: Allow more or fewer immigrants
Sell something
Should be provided by public or private sector? Domestic utilities
Should be provided by public or private sector? Hospitals
Should be provided by public or private sector? Schools
Should be provided by public or private sector? Train services
Sick or elderly in household?
SNP contacted by email
SNP contacted by letter/leaflet
SNP contacted by social media
SNP contacted by telephone
SNP contacted in other ways
SNP contacted in street
SNP contacted you in last 4 weeks
SNP look after black/asian
SNP look after middle class
SNP look after people working in private sector
SNP look after people working in public sector
SNP look after White British people
SNP look after working class
SNP united or divided
SNP visited home
SNP: Allow more or fewer immigrants
Social Grade
Speaks Welsh?
Statues should not be taken down, even if figure profited from slavery
Strength of party identification
Subjective social class
Subjective social class (squeeze)
Support or oppose requiring photo ID for voting?
Take out a loan
Tax-spend tradeoff: Conservatives
Tax-spend tradeoff: Labour
Tax-spend tradeoff: Self
The SNP look after people who didn't go to university or college
The SNP look after people who went to university or college
The SNP look after retired people
The SNP look after young people
There will be times when you don't have enough money to cover your day to day li
Things in Britain were better in the past
Too many people are easily offended these days over others' language
Transgender women should be allowed to compete in female-sex sport
Trust MPs in general
Turned away: Another reason
Turned away: Couldn't find name on electoral register
Turned away: Didn't have valid voter identification
Turned away: My voter identification was not accepted
Turned away: None of these
Turned away: Polling station was not open
Type of Organisation Current/Most Recent Job?
Understands the important political issues facing our country
Use savings / current account
Voter ID makes me less likely to vote
Voter ID makes me more confident in election results
Voter ID makes voting more difficult
Voter ID prevents fraud
Voting for small parties is wasting a vote
Voting is an enjoyable experience
Wales Q only: Independence referendum vote intention
Wales Q only: Welsh identity scale
Was your parent an employee or self-employed?
Was your partner an employee or self-employed?
We need to fundamentally change the way society works in Britain
Weight variable for the GB sample as a whole (Everyone who took wave 2)
Welsh Constituency Vote 2016
Welsh Regional Vote 2016
Went to private primary/middle school
Went to private secondary school
Were you asked for voter identification before you voted?
What about the local elections on the same day? Did you manage to vote in your l
What is the highest educational or work-related qualification you have?
What is the main reason you did not vote?
What is your current marital or relationship status?
What kind of organisation do you work for?
What percentage increase in pay did you get?
What type of organisation did your parent work in?
What type of organisation did/does your partner work in?
When I meet someone who supports this party, I feel connected with this person.
When I speak about this party, I usually say "we" instead of "they".
When people criticize this party, it feels like a personal insult.
When people praise this party, it makes me feel good.
Which candidate did you vote for in the Bedford Mayoral Election?
Which candidate did you vote for in the Leicester Mayoral Election?
Which candidate did you vote for in the Mansfield Mayoral Election?
Which candidate did you vote for in the Middlesbrough Mayoral Election?
Which daily newspaper do you read most often?
Which forms of photo ID do you hold: 60+ SmartPass (NI)
Which forms of photo ID do you hold: 60+ Welsh Concessionary Travel Card
Which forms of photo ID do you hold: Biometric immigration document
Which forms of photo ID do you hold: Blue Badge
Which forms of photo ID do you hold: Disabled Person's Bus Pass
Which forms of photo ID do you hold: Disabled Person’s Welsh Travel Card
Which forms of photo ID do you hold: Electoral ID Card issued in NI
Which forms of photo ID do you hold: Freedom Pass
Which forms of photo ID do you hold: Half Fare SmartPass (NI)
Which forms of photo ID do you hold: MoD Form 90 (Defence ID Card)
Which forms of photo ID do you hold: National ID card issued by an EEA state
Which forms of photo ID do you hold: none of these
Which forms of photo ID do you hold: none on page 1
Which forms of photo ID do you hold: none on page 2
Which forms of photo ID do you hold: none on page 3
Which forms of photo ID do you hold: Older Person's Bus Pass
Which forms of photo ID do you hold: Oyster 60+ Card
Which forms of photo ID do you hold: photographic driving licence
Which forms of photo ID do you hold: Proof of Age Standards scheme (PASS) card
Which forms of photo ID do you hold: Registered Blind SmartPass (NI)
Which forms of photo ID do you hold: Scottish National Entitlement Card
Which forms of photo ID do you hold: Senior SmartPass (NI)
Which forms of photo ID do you hold: UK passport
Which forms of photo ID do you hold: Voter Authority Cert/Anon Elector's Doc
Which forms of photo ID do you hold: War Disablement SmartPass (NI)
Which of the following best describes your sexuality?
Which of these applies to your home?
Which of these best describes what your partner was doing last week?
Which party did you vote for in the local elections?
Who did your father vote for?
Who did your mother vote for?
Will the inheritance be a major change to your financial circumstances?
Working status
Workplaces should end mandatory diversity training
You will be out of a job and looking for work
Young people today don't have enough respect for traditional British values

Additional information

Study team: Ed Fieldhouse, Jane Green, Geoff Evans, Jonathan Mellon, Christopher Prosser, Jack Bailey
Spatial coverage: GB
Date published: 2023-11-10
Last modified: 2024-03-21
Publisher: British Election Study
Identifier: https://www.britishelectionstudy.com/data-object/wave-25-of-the-2014-2023-british-election-study-internet-panel/
URL: https://www.britishelectionstudy.com/data-object/wave-25-of-the-2014-2023-british-election-study-internet-panel/
Temporal coverage: 2023-05-05/2023-05-23